Build inclusive, accessible web applications for all users. Master WCAG principles, ARIA roles & attributes, keyboard navigation, and screen reader testing.
WCAG Principles (POUR)
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are organized around four core principles (POUR):
1. Perceivable: Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive (e.g. alt text for images, transcriptions for video).
2. Operable: User interface components and navigation must be operable using keyboard only.
3. Understandable: Information and operation of the user interface must be understandable and predictable.
4. Robust: Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies.
accessible-btn.html
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Essential ARIA Attributes
ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes complement HTML when native elements are insufficient:
• aria-label="text" — Provides an invisible text label for screen readers.
• aria-expanded="true|false" — Indicates if a collapsible accordion or dropdown menu is open.
• aria-hidden="true" — Hides decorative icons or decorative SVGs from screen readers.
• aria-live="polite|assertive" — Announces dynamic DOM updates (like chat messages or alerts) automatically.
aria-patterns.html
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Key Takeaways
1.Web accessibility (a11y) ensures people with visual, motor, auditory, or cognitive disabilities can navigate your app.
2.First Rule of ARIA: Do not use ARIA if a native HTML element (e.g., <button>, <nav>) already provides the semantics.
3.Use aria-label or aria-labelledby for icon buttons without visible text.
4.Ensure focus indicators remain visible and logical keyboard tab order is maintained.
5.Pass WCAG AA contrast ratio standards (4.5:1 for normal body text).